![]() ![]() Randomized trials are needed to determine which cow-milk fat minimizes risk of excess adiposity. International guidelines that recommend reduced-fat milk for children might not lower the risk of childhood obesity. Observational research suggests that higher cow-milk fat intake is associated with lower childhood adiposity. Among children who consumed whole (3.25% fat) compared with reduced-fat (0.1-2%) milk, the OR of overweight or obesity was 0.61 (95% CI: 0.52, 0.72 P < 0.0001), but heterogeneity between studies was high (I2 = 73.8%). Meta-analysis included 14 of the 28 studies (n = 20,897) that measured the proportion of children who consumed whole milk compared with reduced-fat milk and direct measures of overweight or obesity. In 18 studies, higher cow-milk fat consumption was associated with lower child adiposity, and 10 studies did not identify an association. Of 5862 reports identified by the search, 28 met the inclusion criteria: 20 were cross-sectional and 8 were prospective cohort. Adiposity was assessed using BMI z-score (zBMI). Meta-analysis was conducted using random effects to evaluate the relation between cow-milk fat and risk of overweight or obesity. ![]() Two reviewers extracted data, using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to assess risk of bias. The search included observational and interventional studies of healthy children aged 1-18 y that described the association between cow-milk fat consumption and adiposity. To evaluate the relation between cow-milk fat consumption and adiposity in children aged 1-18 y.Įmbase (Excerpta Medica Database), CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to August 2019 were used. Children aged >2 y are recommended to consume reduced-fat (0.1-2%) cow-milk to lower the risk of obesity. The majority of children in North America consume cow-milk daily. ![]()
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